Loss of Smell

at Allergy & ENT Associates of Middle TN

Loss of smell, known medically as anosmia, is an inability to perceive odors. It may be partial or complete and, while rarely a symptom of a serious condition, can still cause significant discomfort and frustration for those affected.



Loss of smell is often temporary and commonly results from a cold or upper respiratory infection. However, in some cases—particularly in older adults—loss of smell may be permanent and could signal an underlying condition that requires evaluation.

What Loss of Smell Can Affect

Anosmia can impact daily life in several ways, including:


  • Reduced ability to detect odors


  • Changes in taste and appetite


  • Safety concerns (smoke, gas leaks, spoiled food)


  • Reduced enjoyment of food and everyday activities


Because loss of smell may have multiple causes, diagnosis is important.

What Causes Loss of Smell?

Anosmia commonly occurs when the sinuses become swollen and inflamed. The most frequent causes include:


  • Colds


  • Flu


  • Allergies


  • Sinusitis


  • Nonallergic rhinitis


Nasal obstructions can also prevent airflow through the nose and lead to loss of smell. These may include:


  • Nasal polyps


  • Tumors


  • Structural deformities


Other possible causes include Alzheimer’s disease, brain tumor, aneurysm, diabetes, cocaine use, chemical exposure, malnutrition, hormonal imbalances, medications, Parkinson’s disease, rhinoplasty, radiation therapy, and aging.

Symptoms of Loss of Smell

The primary symptom of anosmia is an inability to smell that cannot be explained by a cold or allergy. Some patients also report a change in the way things smell.



If loss of smell persists longer than one to two weeks, it is recommended that you consult a doctor.

Treatment Options for Loss of Smell

Treatment depends on the cause of anosmia.


If a cold or allergies are responsible, treatment may not be necessary and the sense of smell often returns as symptoms improve. If a nasal polyp or other growth is blocking the nasal passages, surgery may be required.


For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be prescribed. Other causes may require more specialized medical treatment. In some cases, the sense of smell may return without any treatment.


Loss of smell cannot always be treated effectively, especially when it is age-related. In these cases, it is important to take extra precautions to protect your safety. Make sure smoke detector batteries are functioning properly and replaced regularly. Use caution with leftovers, as loss of smell can affect taste and increase the risk of eating spoiled food.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Is loss of smell always serious?

    Not usually. Loss of smell is often temporary and related to colds, allergies, or sinus inflammation. However, persistent anosmia should be evaluated.

  • How long should loss of smell last after a cold?

    In many cases, smell returns within a few days as symptoms improve. If it lasts longer than one to two weeks, you should consult a doctor.

  • Can sinus problems cause loss of smell?

    Yes. Swelling, inflammation, or blockage from sinusitis or nasal polyps can interfere with airflow and reduce the ability to smell.

Call Allergy & ENT Associates at (615) 889-8802 to learn more or schedule an appointment.